The year America confronted racism
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2020: The year America confronted racism

Americans were living through history in 2020 as the country was forced to reconcile the past and the present. The Covid-19 pandemic, which many had considered a “great equalizer,” paralyzed the world and Black, Latino and Native American communities were among the hardest hit. Racist attacks against Asians in the US were also on the rise. Jogging, bird-watching or calling 911 while Black felt dangerous and George Floyd‘s killing by a police officer shook Americans out of whatever made them numb to racism and police brutality.

No matter where you turned, you couldn’t ignore reality. America was the epicenter of a racial reckoning.

Within days, people joined more than 10,000 demonstrations nationwide and a movement to demand reform in police departments across the country quickly followed. Confederate monuments were toppled. TV and sports arenas were not exempt from the call for social justice, and athletes were among the leading voices in the fight for racial equality.

Throughout the year, US law enforcement warned about a growing threat and concern that the rise of White supremacist groups had become the biggest domestic terrorism challenge.

By November, people turned from protesting in the streets to protesting at the polls and Black, Latino and Native Americans voters helped flipped some states blue.

Look back at the moments in politics, policing and culture that defined the extraordinary year in which America was forced to confront racism – and in some cases moved the needle toward change.

Rage, Resistance and Resilience: The year America confronted racism

  • February

  • March

  • April

    • Jeenah Moon/Reuters
      Jeenah Moon/Reuters

      April 19

      New York City launches team to fight anti-Asian discrimination

      The city’s Commission on Human Rights created the team after receiving hundreds of harassment and discrimination reports related to Covid-19. More than 40% involved anti-Asian incidents, the agency said.

  • May

    • Christian Cooper
      Christian Cooper

      May 25

      A White woman calls police on a Black man bird-watching in Central Park

      Amy Cooper called police on Memorial Day after Christian Cooper (no relation) asked her to follow the park’s rules and leash her dog. She falsely accused him of threatening her and later faced a misdemeanor charge. Prosecutors said she engaged in “racist criminal conduct.

    • Courtesy Ben Crump
      Courtesy Ben Crump

      May 25

      Hours later, George Floyd cries 'I can't breathe' multiple times before dying in police custody

      Floyd was killed in an encounter with police in Minneapolis. The incident was caught on video and showed an officer kneeling on his neck for nearly 9 minutes.

    • AP, Getty Images

      Nationwide protests calling for justice and police accountability and reform

      Shortly after Floyd’s death, protests began in Minneapolis and spread across the US and around the world. At least 40 cities imposed curfews and National Guard members were activated in dozens of states and Washington, DC, after some protests turned violent.

  • June

    • Burke Buckhorn/CNN
      Burke Buckhorn/CNN

      Massive 'Black Lives Matter' murals painted on streets across the US

      The giant yellow letters were painted on the road to the White House in an effort spearheaded by Washington Mayor Muriel Bowser. Soon, the same words filled multiple city blocks in cities such as Dallas, Seattle and Los Angeles to represent the community and local officials’ commitment to social justice.

    • Parker Michels-Boyce/AFP/Getty Images
      Parker Michels-Boyce/AFP/Getty Images

      June 10

      Virginia protesters tear down a statue of Jefferson Davis

      The Richmond statue was among the first Confederate statues removed over several weeks following George Floyd’s death. Protesters and city leaders in states including Alabama, Florida and South Carolina led similar efforts to remove what some consider racist symbols of America’s dark legacy of slavery.

    • Stewart Trial Attorneys
      Stewart Trial Attorneys

      June 12

      Atlanta police officer shoots and kills Rayshard Brooks

      Brooks, 27, was killed outside a Wendy’s restaurant after failing a sobriety test, fighting with two officers, taking a Taser from one and running away. It ignited protests in Atlanta that led to the burning of the restaurant and the resignation of the city’s police chief. Officer Garrett Rolfe was fired and charged with murder in Brooks’ death.

    • Demetrius Freeman/The New York Times/Redux
      Demetrius Freeman/The New York Times/Redux

      June 14

      Thousands show up for Black Trans Lives

      The Black Trans Lives Matter rally in New York, one of many nationwide, came after two black trans women were killed in June. As of November 20, at least 37 trans and gender nonconforming people were killed in 2020 in what the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) called “an epidemic of violence.” Of the 37 victims, the majority were Black, Latinx or both, according to HRC.

    • Manuel Balce Ceneta/AP
      Manuel Balce Ceneta/AP

      Nike and Twitter join multiple cities designating Juneteenth an official holiday

      The oldest celebration of the end of slavery in the US was recognized for the first time by major companies, universities and local governments. Juneteenth marks the day in 1865 on which Union soldiers in Galveston, Texas, told slaves of their emancipation. Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia recognize it, but it still isn’t a federal holiday.

    • From Bubba Wallace/Twitter
      From Bubba Wallace/Twitter

      June 21

      A noose is found in Bubba Wallace's team garage

      Wallace, the only full-time African American driver in NASCAR’s top circuit, led an effort to ban Confederate flags from racetracks just weeks earlier. The FBI said the noose had been at the Talladega Superspeedway garage since last year and Wallace, therefore, was not a victim of a hate crime. After the noose was found, Wallace’s fellow drivers and pit crew members walked alongside his car before a Cup Series race to show their support for him.

    • Lawrence Bryant/Reuters
      Lawrence Bryant/Reuters

      June 28

      St. Louis couple pulls guns on protesters

      Mark and Patricia McCloskey came out of a home brandishing firearms as protesters, who were protesting Mayor Lyda Krewson’s decision to publish the names and addresses of people in favor of police reform, walked outside their home. Months later, the couple spoke on video at the Republican National Convention accusing Democrats of wanting to “abolish” the suburbs. They pleaded not guilty to weapons and tampering charges linked to the incident.

    • Rory Doyle/AFP/Getty Images
      Rory Doyle/AFP/Getty Images

      June 30

      Mississippi governor signs bill to retire flag with Confederate emblem

      Gov. Tate Reeves signed a bill to retire the last US state flag to feature the Confederate battle emblem. The flag, adopted in 1894, has red, white and blue stripes with the Confederate battle emblem in one corner. Voters approved a new flag in November that features a magnolia, the state flower.

  • July

    • Jonathan Newton/The Washington Post/Getty Images
      Jonathan Newton/The Washington Post/Getty Images

      July 13

      NFL's Washington franchise decides to change name and logo

      The team became the first team to announce a name change. The Redskins name had long been denounced by Native American groups as an ethnic slur. The change came amid mounting pressure from corporate sponsors and after some brands, including Nike and Amazon, removed the team’s merchandise from their online stores.

    • Getty Images
      Getty Images

      July 18

      Civil rights heroes die on the same day

      The two towering figures of the American civil rights movement died as the nation grappled with protests and demands for racial equality. C.T. Vivian worked alongside Martin Luther King Jr. and was part of the Freedom Riders – civil rights activists who rode through Southern states to make sure bus terminals and other public facilities were not segregated. He died at age 95 of natural causes. Rep. John Lewis, who survived a brutal beating by police during a landmark 1965 march in Selma, Alabama, went on to become a longtime US congressman. He died at age 80 after a six-month battle with cancer.

    • Ned Dishman/NBAE/Getty Images
      Ned Dishman/NBAE/Getty Images

      July 25

      WNBA dedicates season to Breonna Taylor

      When the league began its season, players dedicated it to Taylor and the Say Her Name campaign, which raises awareness for Black female victims of police violence. A Social Justice Council of players and activists was created to push forward conversations about social issues.

    • Ashley Landis/Pool/Getty Images
      Ashley Landis/Pool/Getty Images

      July 30

      Every NBA player kneels during the National Anthem

      The league returned after a 20-week hiatus amid the pandemic and all players at the inaugural game in Orlando wore “Black Lives Matter” shirts. NBA Commissioner Adam Silver said he would not enforce the league’s long-standing rule that requires players to stand during the anthem. Outside of basketball, many MLB players also took a knee.

  • August

    • From Anthony Crump/Twitter via AFP
      From Anthony Crump/Twitter via AFP

      August 23

      Jacob Blake shot multiple times by police

      Blake, a 29-year-old Black man, was shot in the back at point-blank range seven times by Kenosha Police Department officer Rusten Sheskey, a White man. The shooting immediately sparked local protests and intensified demonstrations against police brutality in the US. Blake survived but is paralyzed from the waist down.

    • Julio Aguilar/Getty Images
      Julio Aguilar/Getty Images

      August 26

      Sports leagues cancel games after Blake shooting

      From basketball courts in Florida to baseball diamonds in California to soccer fields in places such as Miami, athletes refused to play their regularly scheduled games. Instead of playing, Washington Mystics players wore white T-shirts with seven holes on the back at Feld Entertainment Center in Palmetto, Florida.

    • Eric Baradat/AFP/Getty Images
      Eric Baradat/AFP/Getty Images

      August 28

      March on Washington returns to the nation's capital

      Fifty-seven years to the day since Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech, relatives of African Americans killed or injured in recent police encounters took to the same spot on the National Mall in an emotionally call for social and political change. Thousands watched numerous speakers, including King’s son Martin Luther King III, make emphatic calls for police reform, justice reform and voter action.

    • Spencer Platt/Getty Images
      Spencer Platt/Getty Images

      Racism declared a public health crisis

      Michigan, Nevada, Wisconsin as well as local governments in California and Ohio issued official declarations addressing the existence of racial inequities.

  • September

  • October

    • From Will Middlebrooks/GoFundMe
      From Will Middlebrooks/GoFundMe

      October 3

      Jonathan Price shot dead by police after trying to intervene in dispute

      Price, a 31-year-old Black man, was intervening in a domestic dispute at a gas station in Wolfe City, Texas, a city of about 1,400 roughly 70 miles northeast of Dallas. A police officer who responded to the incident attempted to detain Price, used his Taser and then fired his weapon, hitting him. The officer, Shaun Lucas, was charged with murder in the shooting.

    • City of Tulsa
      City of Tulsa

      October 21

      Mass grave discovered in Tulsa during search for massacre victims

      A mass grave was found in a Tulsa, Oklahoma, cemetery where archeologists have been searching for victims of the 1921 Tulsa race massacre. City officials launched an effort to find the victims’ remains in 2018. An excavation in another area of the cemetery in July yielded no results.

  • November

    • Carolyn Kaster/AP
      Carolyn Kaster/AP

      Kamala Harris becomes vice president-elect

      The California senator is the first female, first Black and first South Asian elected to that office in the country’s nearly 250-year history. Harris was only the second Black female US senator after she was elected to Congress in 2016.

    • Michael B. Thomas/Getty Images
      Michael B. Thomas/Getty Images

      Activist becomes first Black woman to represent Missouri in the US Congress

      Cori Bush, a progressive community leader and veteran Black Lives Matter activist, won Missouri’s 1st Congressional District. The nurse and pastor became an organizer after the shooting death of Michael Brown in Ferguson in 2014 and more recently, she got into politics. During the new member orientation at the Capitol, Bush said she was stunned and “hurt” that some Republicans addressed her as “Breonna” because she was wearing a mask with Breonna Taylor’s name on it.

    • Sarah Silbiger/Getty Images
      Sarah Silbiger/Getty Images

      Ritchie Torres becomes first Afro-Latino member of Congress who identifies as gay

      Torres, a New York City Council member, won his US House race to represent the South Bronx, one of the poorest and most Democratic districts in the country. “I hope I can represent the possibility that a poor kid, a kid of color, a LGBTQ kid from a place like the Bronx, can overcome the odds and become a member of the United States Congress,” he told CNN.

    • Bettmann Archive/Getty Images
      Bettmann Archive/Getty Images

      Philadelphia apologizes for 1985 MOVE bombing

      Philadelphia issued its first official apology in November, months after the 35th anniversary of the bombing that killed 11 people and destroyed dozens of homes on May 13, 1985, when police deployed a bomb after city officials decided to evict members of a Black liberation group called MOVE. The apology came just weeks after officials in Greensboro, North Carolina, formally apologized for the deaths of five people during an attack by Ku Klux Klan members and the American Nazi Party, and Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey offered a formal apology to a survivor of the 1963 Birmingham church bombing.

    • Jay Reeves/AP
      Jay Reeves/AP

      Bruce Boynton, the man who inspired the Freedom Rides, dies

      The civil rights attorney and Alabama’s first Black special prosecutor was arrested in 1958 after refusing to leave the “Whites-only” section of a restaurant at a bus station in Richmond, Virginia. He was convicted of trespassing and challenged his sentence, which sparked the historic US Supreme Court ruling in Boynton v. Virginia and ignited the Freedom Rides movement in 1961.

  • December

    • Drew Angerer/Getty Images
      Drew Angerer/Getty Images

      Federal judge rules that new DACA applications must be accepted

      The Trump administration tried in 2017 to end the Obama-era program that shielded from deportation undocumented immigrants who came to the US as children, but the US Supreme Court blocked its attempt in June. Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf had signed rules limiting applications and renewals for the program over the summer.

    • AFP, Getty Images
      AFP, Getty Images

      Biden’s Cabinet is shaping up to be pretty diverse

      President-elect Joe Biden nominated several people to be in his Cabinet, including retired Army Gen. Lloyd Austin, who would be the first Black secretary of defense; Rep. Marcia Fudge of Ohio, a Black woman, for secretary of Housing and Urban Development; Linda Thomas-Greenfield, a Black woman, for UN ambassador; Alejandro Mayorkas, a Cuban American man who would be the first Latino to serve as secretary of Homeland Security; Rep. Deb Haaland of New Mexico, the first Native American who would serve as secretary of interior; Neera Tanden, the first woman of color and first South Asian person who would lead the Office of Management and Budget; and Cecilia Rouse, who would be the first woman of color to serve as chair of the Council of Economic Advisers. Biden said he would name “the most diverse Cabinet anyone in American history has ever announced.”

    • Jason Miller/Getty Images
      Jason Miller/Getty Images

      December 14

      Cleveland Indians finally listen to Native Americans

      Major League Baseball’s Cleveland Indians announced that the franchise will change the team name but will continue to play as the “Indians” until the club determines its new branding.

    • Transcendental Graphics/Getty Images
      Transcendental Graphics/Getty Images

      December 16

      MLB elevates Negro Leagues to major league status

      Major League Baseball recognized the Negro Leagues as a major league and will count the statistics and records of thousands of Black players as part of the game’s storied history.

Credits

Editors: Delano Massey, Dalila-Johari Paul and Melissa Gray

Digital design and development: Ivory Sherman, Gabrielle Smith and Priya Krishnakumar

Editorial Research: Skylar Mitchell

Photo Editor: Rebecca Wright