Story highlights
- Residents of Baoding, China live under a toxic shroud
- But the country's most polluted city is leading a renewable energy drive
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Baoding, China (CNN)In Baoding, China, the country's most polluted city, the smog is thick enough to see. It can burn your eyes and it can leave an acrid taste in your mouth.
This is the reality of daily life under the cloak of a toxic shroud.
It's the air Zhao Shuang and his family breathe in every day. He grew up in Baoding, and remembers a childhood of sunny skies.
Today, that is a rarity. His young son is a year old and has seen far more gray skies than blue.
China's demand for energy choking the capital 02:45
"When the pollution gets really serious, we can't even see the buildings next to us," said Zhao, from inside the small apartment he shares with his son, wife, and mother.
On Monday, the air quality reading (AQI) at one of the city's own monitoring stations stood at nearly 1,000, the worst in the country, according to China's own Ministry of Environmental Protection. According to United Nations guidelines, a reading of more than 100 is unhealthy for at-risk groups.
On the day Zhao spoke to CNN, the air quality wasn't that bad -- just four times higher than the United Nations' guidelines. But in a place like Baoding, that counts as a good day.
Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
Visitors, some wearing masks to protect themselves from pollutants, share a light moment as they take a selfie at the Jingshan Park on a polluted day in Beijing on December 7, 2015, the day Beijing's city government issued its first red alert for pollution, the highest level of warning.
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Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
A woman walks along a path at a park in Beijing on December 7. Smog is blurring the view of the buildings in the background.
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Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
A mask-wearing vendor awaits customers at the Jingshan Park on a polluted day in Beijing on December 7.
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Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
Tiananmen Gate stands shrouded with heavy pollution and fog in Beijing on December 1, 2015. Previously under an orange alert, the second-highest warning level, the Chinese capital enters yet another week choked by toxic smog under the newly issued red alert -- due to be in force until noon of December 10 local time.
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Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
A Chinese woman protects herself with a mask as she walks past Tiananmen Square in smog-hit Beijing on November 30, 2015. Levels of PM 2.5, considered the most hazardous pollutant, crossed 600 units in Beijing, nearly 25 times the acceptable standard set by the World Health Organization.
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Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
Buildings are shrouded by heavily polluted haze in Beijing on November 30. China's capital and neighboring regions have seen the worst smog of the year this week.
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Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
Roads and buildings in Baoding, China's most polluted city, are cloaked in thick smog on November 30, where the air quality index (AQI) has reached a 'hazardous' level.
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Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
A woman protects herself from pollutants with a piece of cloth as she walks past a construction site on November 30 in Beijing.
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Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
Residential blocks are cloaked in smog in Lianyungang, in eastern China's Jiangsu province, on November 30.
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Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
Vehicles drive along a highway in Beijing with a traffic sign that reads "Slow down, low visibility" on November 30.
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Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
A Genghis Khan statue is obscured by a cloak of orange-tinged smog on November 29, 2015 in Hohhot, capital of Inner Mongolia, China.
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Photos: Chinese cities choke on smog
The pollution cast an apocalyptic glow over the pagodas on the streets of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia on November 29.
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People wearing face masks walk across Tiananmen Square in Beijing on November 28.
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The top photo taken from CNN's Beijing Bureau, shows the city shrouded in smog on November 27, 2015, and the same view on a blue sky day just the day before.
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City of contradictions
Zhao heads to work in the morning like thousands of others, masks covering their mouths as they walk by a coal powered plant shooting toxins into the sky as a cold snow falls.
But Zhao's factory hopes to make the coal that's to blame for much of the city's pollution obsolete -- Baoding, ironically, is leading the country's renewable energy drive.
The city of one million has been named the world's first "carbon positive" city -- home to more than 200 producers of alternative energy and energy-efficient technology.
Zhao works on the production line producing solar panels at Yingli Solar, one of China's largest solar power companies. It's headquartered in the middle of Baoding, and business is booming.
The company has rapidly expanded their output over the last two decades or so, and hope to more than double their current capacity by 2020.
"I believe there will be a large increase in the renewable energy industry, no matter whether it's solar power, wind power or others," says Allen Geng, the international sales manager for the company.
Heavy pollution lingering in the skies over China have prompted a surge in demand throughout the country for cleaner energy.
In 2014, Chinese companies invested more than $80 billion in everything from hydroelectric to wind to solar projects. No country in the world has invested more.
Coal still king?
Despite all of that, renewable energy accounts for only 10% or so of China's energy supply.
China looks to make progress with climate change 02:32
This is a country where coal is still king -- families keep piles of the black fuel on hand to burn for warmth during the winter months.
It is a major pollutant but it's also cheap and efficient, and because of that, it accounts for between 60% to 70% of China's energy mix.
Xie Zhenhua, China's special envoy on climate change, told CNN that it has shut down coal-fired power plants with the same power generation capacity of the United Kingdom -- and it still plans to replace many of these with cleaner coal-fired power stations.
According to Greenpeace, between January and September, China approved at least 155 coal-fired power plants this year -- that's four a week.
But Xie says China, the world's largest greenhouse gas emitter, will still meet an ambitious target to have emissions peak by 2030.
It's a much-needed target. According to China's latest assessment of climate change released in November, the country could see average temperatures rise by as much as 5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.
China has already seen coastal sea levels rise by more than six centimeters and its glaciers have shrunk by 10%.
Pollution is personal
To meet its climate goals, China will need the help of more companies like Yingli, and more workers like Zhao.
For him, pollution is personal. He works 60 hours a week and walks home each day with his son.
Zhao hopes his work will help make things better, so his son won't be afraid to breathe deeply as he grows up.
"I'm very concerned about my son's health," said Zhao.
"If the air pollution stays like this, he won't ever be able to leave the house."
