![<strong>Hunza Valley: </strong> "In Hunza [a mountainous valley in the Gilgit-Baltistan region], you can sit on the rooftop at your hotel having breakfast and you've got seven 7,000 meter peaks all around you, which is pretty incredible," says Wild Frontiers founder Jonny Bealby.](http://cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/180427121110-pakistan-adventure-travel-secret-group-in-hunza-large-169.jpg)
![<strong>Hunza Valley: </strong> "In Hunza [a mountainous valley in the Gilgit-Baltistan region], you can sit on the rooftop at your hotel having breakfast and you've got seven 7,000 meter peaks all around you, which is pretty incredible," says Wild Frontiers founder Jonny Bealby.](https://cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/180427121110-pakistan-adventure-travel-secret-group-in-hunza-super-169.jpg)
(CNN)Here's a look at Pakistan. It borders Iran, Afghanistan and India in Southeast Asia. In 1947, Pakistan gained its independence from Great Britain.
About Pakistan
(from the CIA World Factbook)
Area: 796,095 sq km (slightly less than twice the size of California)
Area: 796,095 sq km (slightly less than twice the size of California)
Population: 242,923,845 (2022 est.)
Median age: 22 years
Capital: Islamabad
Ethnic Groups: Punjabi 44.7%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.4%, Sindhi 14.1%, Saraiki 8.4%, Muhajirs 7.6%, Balochi 3.6%, other 6.3%
Religion: Muslim 96.5% (Sunni 85-90%, Shia 10-15%); other 3.5% (includes Christian and Hindu) (2020 est.)
Unemployment: 6% (2017 est.)
Timeline
August 14, 1947 - Pakistan becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
1947-1948 - Pakistan fights its first war against India over control of the Kashmir area.
1965 - Pakistan and India fight their second war over Kashmir.
1971 - Pakistan and India go to war over independence for East Pakistan, later renamed Bangladesh.
1973 - A constitution providing for a parliamentary system of government is adopted.
July 5, 1977 - Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is deposed in a coup led by the army. He is executed in April 1979.
December 1, 1988 - Benazir Bhutto, the daughter of Bhutto, is elected as the first female prime minister of Pakistan and the first woman to lead a modern Muslim nation.
1990 - Nawaz Sharif is elected as prime minister.
1991 - Legislation is passed making Islamic law the law of the land.
October 12, 1999 - Army chief Pervez Musharraf takes power, overthrowing Sharif. Sharif had fired Musharraf after the army's failed invasion in Kashmir. Bhutto, who is facing possible arrest on corruption charges, goes into self-imposed exile.
August 2002 - Musharraf adds 29 amendments to the constitution, granting himself the power to dissolve parliament.
October 5, 2007 - Musharraf signs a reconciliation ordinance that drops corruption charges against Bhutto. It could pave the way for a power-sharing deal with Bhutto, who is planning a return to Pakistan after years in exile.
October 18, 2007 - Hours after Bhutto arrives in Karachi, her motorcade is attacked by a suicide bomber. More than 120 people die in the blast but Bhutto is uninjured. Two days after the bombing, Bhutto vows to continue campaigning to promote her party, the People's Political Party (PPP).
November 3, 2007 - Musharraf declares a state of emergency. He suspends the country's constitution, postpones the upcoming elections and imposes restrictions on the media. Government authorities arrest 1,500 people who protest the state of emergency.
November 9, 2007 - Bhutto is placed under house arrest, preventing her from attending a protest rally. By day's end, the arrest order is lifted.
December 27, 2007 - Bhutto is assassinated during a rally.
March 9, 2008 - Sharif and Bhutto's widower, Asif Ali Zardari, jointly call on Musharraf to immediately convene the parliament.
March 25, 2008 - After winning the election, Gilani is sworn in as prime minister. Gilani, a member of the PPP, served in various capacities as a cabinet member during Bhutto's terms as prime minister.
August 18, 2008 - Musharraf resigns.
September 9, 2008 - Zardari is sworn in as the new president.
July-August 2010 - Catastrophic flooding leads to deaths of at least 1,600 people. Four million more are displaced.
May 2, 2011 - Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden is killed by US Special Forces during a raid in Abbottabad.
May 14, 2011 - Parliament adopts a resolution condemning the US raid on bin Laden's compound. Lawmakers also threaten to cut off access to a facility used by NATO forces to ferry troops into Afghanistan.
May 25, 2011 - A Pentagon spokesman announces that the United States is reducing its troops in Pakistan at the request of the Pakistani government.
February 13, 2012 - Gilani is indicted by the Supreme Court for contempt after he refuses to reopen old corruption cases against Zardari.
April 26, 2012 - Gilani is convicted of contempt.
June 19, 2012 - The Supreme Court rules that Gilani is ineligible to hold office. Days later, Parliament elects Raja Pervez Ashraf to take Gilani's place as prime minister.
May 19, 2013 - Sharif gains a majority in Parliament, allowing him to form a government and become prime minister.
September 24, 2013 - A magnitude 7.7 earthquake strikes Balochistan province. More than 300 people are killed.
December 16, 2014 - Taliban gunmen attack the Army Public School and Degree College in Peshawar. One hundred forty-five people are killed, most of them children.
December 25, 2015 - Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi makes a surprise visit and meets with Sharif.
March 27, 2016 - A suicide blast in a park in Lahore kills 69 people and injures more than 340 others.
August 8, 2016 - More than 72 people are killed and 112 others injured in a bombing at the hospital in Quetta.
October 24, 2016 - At least 61 people are killed and 117 injured when militants attack a police training academy in Quetta.
December 7, 2016 - A Pakistan International Airlines plane crashes near Abbottabad, killing all 47 on board, including pop star-turned-religious artist Junaid Jamshed.
July 28, 2017 - Sharif resigns as prime minister after the Supreme Court rules that he is ineligible to remain in office amid corruption allegations.
August 1, 2017 - Shahid Khaqan Abbasi is sworn in as prime minister after winning a special election to take Sharif's place.
July 6, 2018 - Sharif, his daughter and son-in-law are sentenced to prison relating to corruption charges over the family's purchase of properties in London.
July 25, 2018 - Former cricket star Imran Khan claims victory in a disputed election after his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party wins the most seats in the country's general elections. The election is marred by violence, including a deadly suicide attack, and allegations by other parties of election rigging.
August 18, 2018 - Khan is sworn in as prime minister.
September 5, 2018 - During a visit to Islamabad, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo declares that he hopes to improve the strained relationship between Pakistan and the United States.
December 28, 2018 - Sharif is convicted on new corruption charges and sentenced to seven years in prison.
February 14, 2019 - A car bomb blast in an Indian-controlled section of Kashmir kills at least 40 people. A Pakistan-based terror group, Jaish-e-Muhammad claims responsibility.
February 26, 2019 - India announces it has conducted airstrikes on an alleged terrorist training camp in Pakistan. In response, Pakistani officials say two Indian jets tried to cross into Pakistani territory but were driven back.
February 27, 2019 - Pakistan claims the country's air force has shot down two Indian fighter jets. India confirms the loss of one plane and says it shot down a Pakistani jet as it responded to the incident. In the wake of the confrontation, Pakistan closes its airspace.
February 28, 2019 - Pakistan announces it will free a captured Indian pilot, calming tensions between the two countries.
June 10, 2019 - Zardari is arrested on corruption charges.
July 17, 2019 - Pakistani authorities arrest Hafiz Saeed, the alleged mastermind of the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. Saeed had been arrested once before in 2017 but was released.
July 22, 2019 - Khan visits US President Donald Trump at the White House. During a joint press conference, the men discuss Afghanistan, the Taliban, Kashmir and Iran.
August 5, 2019 - Tensions between India and Pakistan increase after Modi announces that India will revoke a constitutional provision giving the state of Jammu and Kashmir autonomy to set its own laws. In the wake of the announcement, widespread communications blackouts are reported in the Muslim majority region.
August 6, 2019 - India's parliament votes to approve the status change for the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The reorganization bill increases New Delhi's authority over the region, changing it from an autonomous state into a union territory. Pakistan responds that the change is illegal. "If the world does not act now, if the so-called developed world does not uphold its own laws, then things will go to a place that will damage the whole world," Khan says.
August 7, 2019 - Pakistan announces that diplomatic relations and bilateral trade with India are being suspended.
August 8, 2019 - Modi delivers a televised address in which he claims that revoking Kashmir's autonomous status will promote stability, reduce corruption and boost the economy. Pakistan's foreign minister says the country will remain vigilant but no military options are being considered. The United Nations issues a statement calling on both countries to resolve the issue peacefully while respecting human rights in the region.
December 17, 2019 - A three-member special court in Islamabad convicts Musharraf of violating the constitution by unlawfully declaring emergency rule while he was in power, in a case that had been pending since 2013. Musharraf is sentenced to death in absentia for high treason.
January 13, 2020 - A court in Pakistan overturns Musharraf's death sentence, dismissing it as "unconstitutional."
January 4, 2021 - In a landmark ruling that's the first of its kind in the country, the Lahore High Court in Punjab province declares the practice of performing virginity tests on sexual assault survivors illegal.
June-September 2022 - According to the country's National Disaster Management Authority, at least 1,638 people are killed due to catastrophic flooding.
Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Jawaharlal Nehru (left) and Mahatma Gandhi (right) deep in conversation in Bombay, now Mumbai, India, in August 1942.
India had been under the rule of the British since 1858, but had been agitating for self-governance for years. The country finally gained independence in August 1947. Nehru was a prominent Indian politician who became independent India's first prime minister. Nehru was a close friend of Gandhi, whose non-violent movement was fundamental to India's attainment of independence.
India had been under the rule of the British since 1858, but had been agitating for self-governance for years. The country finally gained independence in August 1947. Nehru was a prominent Indian politician who became independent India's first prime minister. Nehru was a close friend of Gandhi, whose non-violent movement was fundamental to India's attainment of independence.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Leading members of the Indian National Congress: Gandhi (left), prominent nationalist leader Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose (center right) and independent India's first Deputy Prime Minister Vallabhai Patel (right) during a meeting on March 2, 1938 in Haripura, India.
Founded in 1885, the Indian National Congress is a political party that campaigned for the country's independence from Britain.
Founded in 1885, the Indian National Congress is a political party that campaigned for the country's independence from Britain.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Shown in an undated photo, Kasturba Gandhi was the wife of Mahatma Gandhi.
Along with many other prominent women of these times, she fought for India's independence from the British.
Along with many other prominent women of these times, she fought for India's independence from the British.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Indian women volunteers carry flags and parade through the streets of Madras, south India, protesting for the country's self-governance on November 6, 1945.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Leader of the Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah (center), holds a press conference in Mumbai, India, in July 1946.
The Muslim League formed in 1906 to look after the interests of India's minority Muslim community. Jinnah demanded the creation of a separate Muslim nation called Pakistan by the time Britain handed over its power.
The Muslim League formed in 1906 to look after the interests of India's minority Muslim community. Jinnah demanded the creation of a separate Muslim nation called Pakistan by the time Britain handed over its power.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Leading female members of the Muslim League attend a meeting on plans for India's independence in May 1946.
Jinnah encouraged the involvement of women: "No nation can rise to the height of glory unless your women are side by side with you."
Jinnah encouraged the involvement of women: "No nation can rise to the height of glory unless your women are side by side with you."
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Armed rioters walk through the streets of Calcutta, now known as Kolkata, in August, 1946.
Communal violence between Hindus and Muslims broke out during Direct Action Day, called by the Muslim League as a day of strikes, although it was open to different interpretations. The violence lasted for days and it is estimated that at least 4,000 died in Kolkata.
Communal violence between Hindus and Muslims broke out during Direct Action Day, called by the Muslim League as a day of strikes, although it was open to different interpretations. The violence lasted for days and it is estimated that at least 4,000 died in Kolkata.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Vultures feed on corpses lying abandoned in an alleyway after the rioting between Hindus and Muslims in Kolkata in 1946.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Burnt-out shops line a street after the Hindu-Muslim rioting in Kolkata on August 28, 1946.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
A nurse with two children who were rescued and taken to a hospital during communal unrest in Amritsar, Punjab, north India, in March 1947.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Afghan traders leave Amritsar, Punjab, in the north of India with all their belongings after communal violence broke out between Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus in March 1947.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Nehru (left), Lord Louis Mountbatten (center), Mountbatten's chief of staff Lord Ismay (center left) and Jinnah (right) negotiate the division of India in the capital of New Delhi in June 1947.
In March 1947, Mountbatten became the viceroy of India, responsible for overseeing the handover of power from Britain back to its colony.
In March 1947, Mountbatten became the viceroy of India, responsible for overseeing the handover of power from Britain back to its colony.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Nehru, then-vice president of the Indian National Congress party, presents the national flag of the nation during a meeting of the constituent assembly in July 1947.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Nehru delivers his famous "Tryst with Destiny" speech and declares India's independence in the Constituent Assembly in New Delhi just before midnight on August 15, 1947.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
The first Indian Independence Day celebrations are held in Mumbai on August 15, 1947.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Jinnah is sworn in as the first Governor-General of the new Muslim nation of Pakistan at Government House in Karachi, Pakistan, on August 17, 1947.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Hundreds of Muslim refugees crowd on top of a train leaving New Delhi for Pakistan in September 1947.
Partition led to millions being forced to migrate across the subcontinent. It's estimated that 500,000 - 1 million men, women and children perished in partition, although this figure varies.
Partition led to millions being forced to migrate across the subcontinent. It's estimated that 500,000 - 1 million men, women and children perished in partition, although this figure varies.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
During intense rioting, a soldier sits with a Bren light machine gun at the entrance to Paharganj bazaar, New Delhi, on September 16, 1947.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Gandhi (center) visits Muslim refugees as they prepare to depart for Pakistan at Purana Qila fort, New Delhi, on September 22, 1947.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Hindu and Sikh women arrive in Mumbai with their children on a British-India liner after flying from Pakistan on October 9, 1947.
Women were the victims of brutal violence during partition. It is estimated that 75,000 women were abducted and raped.
Women were the victims of brutal violence during partition. It is estimated that 75,000 women were abducted and raped.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Nehru and Liaquat Ali Khan, Pakistan's first Prime Minister, sign an agreement between India and Pakistan confirming minority and refugee rights in April, 1950 in New Delhi.
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Photos: Borders and bloodshed: The making of India and Pakistan
Then-Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (center) shakes hands with then-Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (left). Gandhi succeeded her late father, Nehru, who passed away on May 27, 1964. Bhutto's daughter, Benazir (second right), and former Indian Foreign Minister Swaran Singh (right) look on in Shimla, a city in the Himalayan foothills of India on June, 28, 1972.
The visit took place after a war broke out between the two nations in 1971, that led to the creation of Bangladesh, formerly known as East Pakistan. Bhutto visited India to meet Gandhi and negotiated a formal peace agreement. The two leaders signed the Shimla Agreement, which committed both nations to establish a Line of Control in Kashmir and obligated them to resolve disputes peacefully through bilateral talks.
Three more wars later, the last fought in 1999, peace is yet to be established.
The visit took place after a war broke out between the two nations in 1971, that led to the creation of Bangladesh, formerly known as East Pakistan. Bhutto visited India to meet Gandhi and negotiated a formal peace agreement. The two leaders signed the Shimla Agreement, which committed both nations to establish a Line of Control in Kashmir and obligated them to resolve disputes peacefully through bilateral talks.
Three more wars later, the last fought in 1999, peace is yet to be established.
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