To explore colorism in Africa, British-Nigerian actress Beverly Naya has produced a documentary on Netflix titled “Skin.”
Unlike racism, colorism is the discrimination of people based on skin shades and is prevalent among people of the same ethnic or racial group.
“Skin,” an hour-long documentary, compiles the stories of Black women in Nigeria who have been treated differently for having dark skin. They speak openly about the pressures of being defined by their skin color.
In many parts of Africa, light skinned women are considered more beautiful. Contrary to their dark skinned counterparts, they are likely to succeed in fields like entertainment, marketing and the tourism industry.
Naya told CNN she was inspired to produce the documentary because she suffered low self-esteem when she was bullied for her skin color while growing up in the United Kingdom.
“I had crooked teeth and I had really bad eczema,” said Naya, whose full name is Beverly Ifunaya Bassey. “And even though I fixed my teeth and my skin cleared over time, the damage had already been done to my mental state and how I saw myself. So as I got older, I realized that I just didn’t feel beautiful.”
Naya said that in her early 20s she began to work on regaining her self confidenceby learning to love herself and launching an anti-bullying campaign.
“I want to inspire young people to love themselves. And I decide to use my documentary, ‘Skin,’ because I didn’t want to restrict my message to a small community. I knew it was important to get the message further,” Naya said.
Media representation of dark skin
A preference for light skinned societiesdates to slavery in the 1600s, according to a 2020 report published in the journal E-International Relations.
Slave masters had a special preference for slaves with lighter skin, who were assigned less difficult indoor tasks as opposed to often horrifying outdoor duties, according to the report.
Naya, 31, says media portrayals of dark skinned people has contributed to colorism.
“In magazines, like a charity ad, for example, you see a poor dark-skinned child begging for donations, but on the front of the same magazine there is a light-skinned beautiful child portrayed as beautiful,” she said.
“It subconsciously registers in the mind of a child that Black is poor and light skin is beautiful. The way that information is received can affect the mind,” she said.
In the documentary another British-Nigerian actress, Diana Yekini, recalls being told in 2017 by a lighting technician on a movie set in Nigeria that if she didn’t bleach her skin to become lighter, she would stop getting jobs.
Yekini said social perceptions around skin color have seeped into the entertainment industry, where many dark-skinned women are denied roles.
“The issue is that regardless of how amazing you were, you could kill it, you could be fabulous, you could be what they want secretly, but if you’re not fair, that’s it,” she said in the documentary.
Skin bleaching
Dr. Shakirat Gold-Olufadi, a dermatologist at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria, says that one way that dark-skinned women dodge discrimination is by using skin bleaching or whitening agents
She says some body creams and toners have high bleaching components and are used by women to achieve lighter skin.
“Some people think that people with fairer skin are more attractive, so they start bleaching their skin to feel that way,” she told CNN.
The global market for skin lighteners will reach $31.2 billion by 2024, with huge markets in Asia, the Middle East and Africa, according to Global Industry Analysts.
Additionally, bleaching products are the fourth most sought after household item by African women after staples like soap, milk and tea, according to a report by the University of Washington.
Teniola Kashaam, a Nigeria-based make-up artist said in the documentary that she started bleaching her skin when she was 19 because she did not feel attractive.
“At the time, I had a lot of people like aunties, random people saying to me, ‘oh, you’re so Black, you’re so Black.’ It kind of felt like, does that mean I’m not beautiful? Maybe I needed to be lighter to look more attractive,” she said in the documentary.
Kashaam says she used skin whitening creams, scrubs and pills to change the color of her skin.
While she no longer bleaches, Kashaam said in the film that, at the time, she felt more beautiful in light skin and had to work on her self-esteem to accept her natural skin color.
Gold-Olufadi says skin bleaching can have negative health effects.
She says that skin-whitening agents have some components that reduce the protective effect of melanin in darker skinned people and may increase the risk of skin cancer.
Some whitening agents also have contents that can affect other organs of the body negatively, according to Gold-Olufadi.
“There’s something called mercury found in bleaching creams. Mercury can affect other organs in the body such as the kidney. It also has some adverse neurological effects,” she said.
To minimize skin bleaching, some African countries have banned beauty products with skin whitening agents.
In 2017, Ghana’s Food and Drugs Authority issued a ban on the importation of products containing hydroquinone, a skin lightening chemical.
And Rwanda placed a nationwide ban on skin bleaching products in 2019.
But Gold-Olufadi says legislation on bleaching agents must be accompanied with a sensibility for the health risks of bleaching.
“I am happy with banning bleaching agents, as they are a menace, but we must also take time to understand why people bleach and then educate them how they can take care of their skin instead,” she said.
Self-love
Naya who produced the documentary says one way to minimize skin bleaching and combat colorism is to create an environment where darker-skinned women feel loved and beautiful.
“From a young age we need to start affirming the beauty of dark skin so that girls can grow up confident in being Black. If we don’t do that they will pick up the wrong information elsewhere,” she said.
There needs to be conversations about how women with skin like hers are portrayed, she added.
Naya says her documentary has been well received, with many women personally sharing their experiences around colorism with her.
“I am so honored by the response to my documentary and I am happy that many women are learning to love their skin through it,” she said.
