Today's CNN 10 Transcript

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COY WIRE, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Wasabi sunshine, happy Fri-yay, we made it through another week. A spicy weekend is knocking on our door. I'm Coy Wire, this is CNN 10 with your 10 minutes of news where we simply tell you the what, letting you decide what to think.

Today we've got weather whiplash, a dream rediscovered, and world record that is making some serious waves. Let's rise up.

Now it may feel like fall just got here across much of the United States, but winter is apparently saying move over autumn, I'm coming in hot or cold. A sprawling storm system stretching from the Midwest to the East Coast could bring frigid temperatures, powerful winds, even the first snowfall of the season.

I sat down with CNN Meteorologist and Resident Weathered wizard, Brandon Miller, to learn how the historic Super El Nino, a polar vortex, and other factors might turn this winter into an atmospheric roller coaster.

First of all, let me ask you, polar vortex, is that always there?

BRANDON MILLER, CNN SENIOR METEOROLOGIST: It is always there.

WIRE: It's always there.

MILLER: It's always there.

WIRE: What causes that? Rotation of the Earth.

MILLER: The rotation of the Earth, and then specifically what we refer to as the polar night. So, as you may know, the poles, the North Pole, north of a certain latitude, coming up actually this next week, they hit a point where they don't get daytime anymore. It's night all day long.

And because of that polar night, it gets brutally cold in the poles. It's snowy, it's, you know, frozen, and they never get sunlight during the winter. And because of that, this polar vortex builds up speed.

But every now and then, that vortex slows down. And when it does, it kind of gets wavy, the jet stream gets wavy, and it allows that cold to spill south.

WIRE: To move south. So, does that mean places like here in Atlanta, the south, we might actually have colder winters and maybe even snow this winter?

MILLER: So, the polar vortex really is what determines a lot of those cold snaps. And there are what we refer to as teleconnections, which are sort of the ties between weather, day-to-day weather, and longer-term climate patterns. And one of them, which people are really familiar with, is El Nino.

And so that's going to be the big question this year, because El Nino, which is as strong as it has ever been, probably stronger than it's ever been right now, is going to be driving a lot of our winter weather. But the polar vortex is a different one of these mechanisms. And so those two are going to compete a little bit this winter.

El Nino keeps things warmer, it's a warmer pattern in the ocean in the Pacific, and it drives a jet stream, and the polar vortex is a separate one. And they're going to kind of battle it out this winter.

WIRE: Right, so like that collision right there, like what could happen? What are some of the things that could happen?

MILLER: So, during El Nino, we get a more active jet stream in the southern United States. So, even though it is a warmer pattern, us here speaking as we sit in Atlanta, we tend, and places like Dallas and Charlotte, can tend to actually get more snow events, even though it's a warmer pattern, because it brings more storms through. You know, more storms give you a greater percent chance that at least one or two of those storms is going to be cold enough to snow.

WIRE: Someone who has a great head of hair, any advice for those of us out there who don't have any when the cold temperatures hit?

MILLER: Wear a hat, 90 percent of the heat escapes through your head.

WIRE: He sounds just like my mom.

Thanks, Brandon.

Now, Brandon and I also talked about how these weather patterns could affect some big-time football games this weekend. If you're interested in that conversation and a whole lot of other captivating climate conversations, be sure to download the free CNN Weather app.

Pop quiz hotshot.

Martin Luther King, Jr.'s original first name wasn't Martin. What was it? Malcolm, Michael, Matthew, or Marcus?

If you said Michael, you're the king of the name game. MLK's father, Michael Sr., was so inspired by a 1934 trip to Germany that he changed both his name and his son's to Martin upon return.

The name paid tribute to the 16th century German monk Martin Luther, who led the Protestant Reformation.

One of the most important speeches in American history by Martin Luther King, Jr. has just revealed a new secret, 63 years after it was delivered. In 1963, King stood at the march on Washington and delivered his legendary, "I Have a Dream speech." For decades, its handwritten final draft was thought to be lost, until now. Seven handwritten pages in blue ink on yellow legal paper were rediscovered in a desk belonging to King's longtime aide Edward T. Clayton. His widow, civil rights leader Xernona Clayton, first found them years ago but didn't realize it was the only copy in existence. The handwritten draft gives an unprecedented look into King's mind as he wrestled with the final edits the night before he would stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and deliver it to a crowd of more than 250,000 people.

This invaluable manuscript will be on display for the first time next week in Atlanta before being auctioned off for charity. It's expected to fetch upward of $10 million. And here's the incredible part. The famous, "I Have a Dream" passage isn't even in that handwritten draft. King added those unforgettable words as he was speaking. Talk about an epic freestyle.

Think about that. One of history's memorable messages wasn't entirely on paper. It came from the moment. Sometimes the words that change the world are the ones that come straight from the heart.

Let's go now to Australia, where a six-day disappearance has ended with an incredible rescue and one very relieved mom. Last week, 17-year-old William vanished during a camping trip in dense wilderness east of Melbourne. For six days, rescuers searched rugged terrain until a police helicopter spotted him near a creek. He was lifted to safety and reunited with mom, who joked, he's never leaving the house again. His family says he is doing fine, just some minor bumps and bruises and one nasty sunburn.

William's first meal post-rescue? A donut and some water. Six days in the wilderness, that probably tasted like a million bucks.

Moral of the story? If you're ever feeling lost, "donut" ever stop believing.

Today's story, getting a 10 out of 10, is deep. Like, really, really deep. Ukrainian freediver Kateryna Sadurska just made history, setting a new world record diving a fin-tastic 90 meters, 295 feet, underwater.

That's the length of six Olympic swimming pools. And she did it without even wearing fins, a discipline widely regarded as the most intense and demanding in freediving, using only muscle control and zero breathing assistance. And get this, this is actually her 10th world record in the no-fins discipline.

After completing the descent in just three minutes and 33 seconds, surface, then down, then back to surface, she now holds the deepest no-fins record ever set by a woman. Fin-nomenal. Sadurska dedicated the moment to her homeland, Ukraine, and all the people who've endured years of war.

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KATERYNA SADURSKA, UKRAINIAN FREEDIVER: Being a Ukrainian, it's always a double achievement, given all the circumstances we have to go through as Ukrainian athletes.

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WIRE: All right, we are halfway through our CNN 10 days of giving, highlighting the ways you are rising up, giving back, and making somebody else's world a little brighter. Today's students are Snow Joke. We are headed to Eagle River, Alaska, to see the bra-rific group at St. John's School. For the past three years, teaming up with food banks and churches, they've helped pack Thanksgiving meals for those in need. We're talking turkey deliveries, mashed potatoes, mac and cheese, gravy, the whole shebang, even when temperatures are below freezing. Cold hands, warm hearts, putting the shiver in chivalry.

Who do you know that is making a difference in their small corner of the world? Send us photos and videos to cnn10@cnn.com, along with your name, school, city, state, teacher's name, if you'd like. You might be featured during our 10 days of giving.

Now, shout out time. Mr. Messina at George Washington High School in Northeast Philadelphia, in my great home state of Pennsylvania, rise up. Thank you for making us a part of your day.

This next shout out goes to Mrs. Cummings at Yates Center Junior High in Kansas. Thank you for sending the sweetest birthday message last week, the time you took to do all that, and the fact that you all make me and my team a part of your day means everything to me.

Play that Friday music, Nader. As we head into the weekend, here's your Fri-Yay thought. Dr. King had a dream and found the courage to share it. Rescuers had hope and refused to give up, and some students in Alaska decided that cold weather was no excuse for a warm heart.

Wherever you go, whatever you do, whatever game you play this weekend, play it with some joy.

I'm Coy. This is CNN 10. You are more powerful than you know.

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